Association of sedentary behavior with overweight and abdominal obesity in older adults / Associação entre comportamento sedentário com o excesso de peso e obesidade abdominal em idosos

The aim of this study was to examine the association of sedentary behavior with overweight and abdominal obesity in older adults. This was a cross-sectional study with older men and women residing in the municipalities of the Regional Health Superintendency of Uberaba, Minas Gerais. Sedentary behavior was assessed according to the time spent sitting on a weekday and a weekend day. Body mass, height and waist circumference were measured. Excess weight was determined by means of body mass index, while abdominal obesity by waist circumference. Poisson regression analyzis with robust variance were used to examine the association of sedentary behavior with overweight and abdominal obesity. The total sample consisted of 3223 older people (61.3% women), with a mean age of 70 ± 7.26 years. There was no association between quartiles of sedentary behavior and overweight (2nd quartile: PR = 0.99; 95%CI: 0.94­1.05; 3rd quartile: PR = 0.99; 95%CI: 0.93­1.07; 4th quartile: PR = 1.07; 95%CI: 1.00­1.13) and abdominal obesity (2nd quartile: PR = 1.04; 95%CI: 1.00­1.08; 3rd quartile: PR = 1.03; 95%CI: 0.98­1.08; 4th quartile: PR = 0.98; 95%CI: 0.94­1.03) when analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic, health perception and behavioral variables. The sedentary be-havior was not associated with overweight and abdominal obesity in the elderly.

O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar a associação entre o comportamento sedentário e o excesso de peso e a obesidade abdominal em idosos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com idosos de ambos os sexos, residentes nos municípios da Superintendência Regional de Saúde de Uberaba, Minas Gerais. O comportamento sedentário foi avaliado pelo tempo despendido sentado em um dia de semana e um dia de final de semana. A massa corporal, estatura e circunferência da cintura foram aferidas. O excesso de peso foi determinado por meio do índice de massa corporal e a obesidade abdominal pela e circunferência da cintura. Na estatística, empregou-se análises de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Participaram do estudo 3.223 idosos, com média de idade de 70 ± 7,26 anos, sendo 61,3% mulheres. Quando realizadas análises ajustadas pelas variáveis sociodemográficas, percepção de saúde e comportamentais, não foram verificadas associações entre os quartis de comportamento sedentário com o excesso de peso (2º quartil: RP = 0,99; IC95%: 0,94­1,05; 3º quartil: RP = 0,99; IC95%: 0,93­1,07; 4º quartil: RP = 1,07; IC95%: 1,00­1,13) e obesidade abdominal (2º quartil: RP = 1,04; IC95%: 1,00­1,08; 3º quartil: RP = 1,03; IC95%: 0,98­1,08; 4º quartil: RP = 0,98; IC95%: 0,94­1,03). O comportamento sedentário não associou com o excesso de peso e com a obesidade abdominal em idosos

Estudo de base populacional: perfil sociodemográfico e de saúde em idosos / Population-based study: socio-demographic and health profile of older adults / Estudio de base poblacional: perfil sociodemográfico y de salud en ancianos

Objetivo: identificar o perfil sociodemográfico e de saúde de idosos dos municípios numa regional de Minas Gerais. Método: estudo transversal de base populacional, realizado em 24 cidades com 3430 idosos. Aplicou-se: Mini exame do Estado Mental, instrumento de perfil sociodemográfico, Mini avaliação Nutricional, WHOQOL-BREF e WHOQOL-OLD. Para a análise se usou SPSS versão 20.0. Resultados: sexo feminino (61,5%), 60 a 69 anos (52,6%), sem escolarização/analfabeto ou fundamental incompleto (83,5%), recebendo até um salário mínimo (39,7%), aposentados (80,7%) média de 3,17 (dp=1,92) doenças por idoso, uso em média de 2,47 medicamentos (dp=1,37), risco para desnutrição (29,1%), excesso de peso (62,9%), etilismo (15,7%), tabagismo (15%), sedentarismo (43,1%), qualidade de vida com menores escores no domínio meio ambiente (62,0/dp=13,2) e, na faceta autonomia (66,8/dp=16,4). Conclusão: sexo feminino, baixa renda, média de três doenças por pessoa, excesso de peso, sedentarismo e qualidade de vida com menores escores no domínio meio ambiente e faceta autonomia caracterizam a população pesquisada.

Objective: to identify the sociodemographic and health profile of older adults in municipalities of the Uberaba Health Region in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Method: in this cross-sectional, population-based study, the Mini-Mental State Examination, a demographic and health profile instrument, the Mini Nutritional Assessment, WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD were applied to 3430 older adults in 24 cities, between 2012 and 2013. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: female (61.5%), 60 to 69 years old (52.6%), no schooling or incomplete basic schooling (83.5%), income of one minimum wage or less (39.7%), pensioners (80.7%), mean 3.17 illnesses (SD = 1.92), use of 2.47 medicines (DP = 1.37), at risk for malnutrition (29.1%), overweight (62.9%), alcohol use (15.7%), smoking (15%), sedentary (43.1%), and with lowest quality of life scores in the environment domain (62.0%; DP = 13.2) and autonomy facet (66.8%; DP = 16.4). Conclusion: the study population was characteristically female, low-income, overweight, sedentary, had three diseases, and lowest quality of life scores in the environment domain and autonomy facet.

Objetivo: identificar el perfil sociodemográfico y de salud de ancianos de las ciudades en una Regional de Salud de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Método: estudio transversal de base poblacional, realizado en 24 ciudades junto a 3430 ancianos, entre 2012 y 2013. Se aplicó: mini-examen del estado mental, instrumento del perfil del sociodemográfico, mini-evaluación nutricional, WHOQOL-BREF y WHOQOL-OLD. Para el análisis se utilizó SPSS versión 20.0. Resultados: sexo femenino (61,5%), 60 a 69 años (52,6%), sin escolarización/analfabeto o secundario incompleto (83,5%), recibiendo hasta un salario mínimo (39,7%), jubilados (80,7%), promedio de 3,17 (dp=1,92) enfermedades por anciano, uso de 2,47 remedios (dp=1,37) en promedio, riesgo para la desnutrición (29,1%), exceso de peso (62,9%), alcoholismo (15,7%), tabaquismo (15%), sedentarismo (43,1%), calidad de la vida con menores puntuaciones en el dominio medio ambiente (62,0/dp=13,2) y, en el área autonomía (66,8/dp=16,4). Conclusión: sexo femenino, bajos ingresos, promedio de tres enfermedades por persona, exceso de peso, sedentarismo y calidad de la vida, con menores puntuaciones en el dominio medio ambiente y el área autonomía, caracterizan la población encuestada.

Sedentary behavior and nutritional status among older adults: a meta-analysis / Comportamento sedentário e estado nutricional de idosos: uma metanálise / Comportamiento sedentario y el estado nutricional de los ancianos: una meta-análisis

ABSTRACT The accelerated modernization process has entailed changes in the lifestyle of people, such as exposure to sedentary behavior, and this in turn may affect the nutritional status. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to analyze observational studies that assessed the association between exposure time to sedentary behavior and nutritional status (overweight/malnutrition) in individuals aged ≥60 years. BVS, PubMed and Web of Science were the databases used in the search for observational studies, published until November 28, 2017, which have examined the association between exposure time to sedentary behavior and nutritional status. Two authors undertook the reading of titles and abstracts and applied the STROBE checklist independently. The Odds Ratio was calculated using the random effects model. Eight studies were included in this meta-analysis and involved 21415 individuals. All the studies covered most of the items suggested by the STROBE checklist. Of the total, four studies showed association between sedentary behavior and nutritional status. Longer exposure to sedentary behavior did not increase the odds of overweight and/or obesity (OR 1.32; 95%; CI 0.95-1.84). It is suggested that further studies with standardized criteria for measuring sedentary behavior and nutritional status are undertaken. Level of Evidence II; Systematic review of level II studies.

RESUMO O acelerado processo de modernização tem acarretado mudanças no estilo de vida das pessoas, como a exposição ao comportamento sedentário, e esta, por sua vez, pode afetar o estado nutricional. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática com metanálise foi analisar estudos observacionais, que avaliaram a associação entre tempo de exposição ao comportamento sedentário e estado nutricional (excesso de peso/desnutrição) em indivíduos com idade ≥ 60 anos. BVS, PubMed e Web of Science foram as bases de dados utilizadas para a busca de estudos observacionais, publicados até 28 de novembro de 2017, que analisaram a associação entre tempo de exposição ao comportamento sedentário e estado nutricional. Dois autores realizaram a leitura de títulos e resumos e aplicaram o checklist STROBE de forma independente. Odds Ratio foi calculado utilizando o modelo de efeito aleatório. Foram incluídos nesta metanálise oito estudos, envolvendo 21415 indivíduos. Todos os estudos atenderam a maior parte dos itens sugeridos pelo checklist STROBE. Do total, quatro estudos apresentaram associação entre comportamento sedentário e estado nutricional. Maior tempo exposto ao comportamento sedentário não aumentou as chances de sobrepeso e/ou obesidade (OR 1,32; 95%; IC 0,95-1,84). Sugere-se que novos estudos com critérios padronizados de mensuração de comportamento sedentário e estado nutricional sejam realizados. Nível de Evidência II; Revisão sistemática de estudos de nível II.

RESUMEN El proceso de modernización acelerado ha consistido en cambios en el estilo de vida de las personas, entre ellas la exposición a conductas sedentarias, y esto, a su vez, puede afectar el estado nutricional. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática con meta-análisis fue analizar los estudios observacionales que evaluaron la asociación entre el tiempo de exposición a conductas sedentarias y estado nutricional (sobrepeso/desnutrición) en individuos de edad ≥60 años. BVS, PubMed y Web of Science fueron las bases de datos utilizadas para la búsqueda de estudios observacionales, publicadas hasta el 28 de noviembre de 2017, que han examinado la asociación entre el tiempo de exposición a conductas sedentarias y el estado nutricional. Dos autores realizaron la lectura de los títulos, resúmenes y aplicación de la lista de verificación STROBE, independientemente. El Odds Ratio se calculó utilizando el modelo de efectos aleatorios. Fueron incluidos en este meta-análisis ocho estudios, envolviendo 21415 individuos. Todos los estudios respondieron a la mayoría de los elementos sugeridos por la lista de verificación STROBE. Del total, cuatro estudios mostraron asociación entre conductas sedentarias y estado nutricional. Una mayor exposición a conductas sedentarias no ha aumentado las probabilidades de sobrepeso y obesidad (OR 1.32; 95%; IC 0.95-1.84). Se sugiere que estudios adicionales con criterios de medición estandarizada de conductas sedentarias y estado nutricional se lleve a cabo. Nivel de Evidencia II; Revisión sistemática de estudios de nivel II.

Factors associated with risk of malnutrition in the elderly in south-eastern Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition risk and its association with socioeconomic, behavioral, and health characteristics in the community-dwelling elderly. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with individuals aged ≥ 60 years. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Socioeconomic, behavioral, and health information was also collected from all participants. The association between each variable and the risk of malnutrition was calculated and adjusted using Poisson hierarchical regression. RESULTS: The initial sample consisted of 3,101 elderly people, of whom 28.3% (95%CI 25.3 - 31.4%) were at risk of malnutrition. The multivariate analysis showed that the risk of malnutrition was significantly higher in women without formal education, who did not live with a partner, and identified as black-skinned. The risk of malnutrition was twice as high in individuals with no family income as compared to those who earned at least three minimum wages. Smokers were also more likely to be at risk of malnutrition than individuals who had never smoked. Participants suffering from kidney, respiratory or heart disease were at higher risk of malnutrition than those with no history of such illnesses. CONCLUSION: These findings could be used to help in the development of health policies and in the establishment of adequate programs aimed at reducing the risk of malnutrition in this population.

Factors associated with risk of malnutrition in the elderly in south-eastern Brazil / Fatores associados ao risco de desnutrição em idosos do sudeste do Brasil

ABSTRACT: Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition risk and its association with socioeconomic, behavioral, and health characteristics in the community-dwelling elderly. Methods: A cross-sectional study with individuals aged ≥ 60 years. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Socioeconomic, behavioral, and health information was also collected from all participants. The association between each variable and the risk of malnutrition was calculated and adjusted using Poisson hierarchical regression. Results: The initial sample consisted of 3,101 elderly people, of whom 28.3% (95%CI 25.3 - 31.4%) were at risk of malnutrition. The multivariate analysis showed that the risk of malnutrition was significantly higher in women without formal education, who did not live with a partner, and identified as black-skinned. The risk of malnutrition was twice as high in individuals with no family income as compared to those who earned at least three minimum wages. Smokers were also more likely to be at risk of malnutrition than individuals who had never smoked. Participants suffering from kidney, respiratory or heart disease were at higher risk of malnutrition than those with no history of such illnesses. Conclusion: These findings could be used to help in the development of health policies and in the establishment of adequate programs aimed at reducing the risk of malnutrition in this population.

RESUMO: Objetivo: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência do risco de desnutrição e sua associação com fatores socioeconômicos, hábitos comportamentais e condições de saúde em idosos residentes na comunidade. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, realizado com indivíduos com ≥ 60 anos de idade. O estado nutricional foi avaliado pela Mini Avaliação Nutricional e foram obtidas informações socioeconômicas, hábitos comportamentais e de condições de saúde. Para a identificação dos fatores associados ao risco de desnutrição foram realizadas análises brutas e ajustadas por meio da regressão de Poisson, utilizando modelo hierárquico. Resultados: Foram analisados 3.101 idosos e, destes, 28,3% (IC95% 25,3 - 31,4) foram classificados com risco de desnutrição. Na análise multivariada, a prevalência de risco de desnutrição foi significantemente maior entre as mulheres, sem escolaridade, que não vivem com parceiros e cor de pela preta. O risco de desnutrição foi duas vezes maior nos indivíduos sem renda quando comparados aos que recebem acima de três salários mínimos. Os fumantes demonstraram maior probabilidade de risco de desnutrição quando comparados com os não fumantes. Os indivíduos que autorrelataram ter doenças renais, respiratórias e cardíacas apresentaram maior risco de desnutrição que aqueles que não relataram esses problemas. Conclusão: Estes resultados podem servir de subsídio para a formação de políticas de saúde no estabelecimento de programas adequados visando a redução do risco de desnutrição nesta população.

Comportamento sedentário e massa muscular reduzida em idosos: um estudo de base populacional / Sedentary behavior and reduced muscle mass in older adults: a population-based study

A perda da massa muscular em idosos está associada negativamente à saúde, tornando-se necessário a identificação dehábitos comportamentais modificáveis que podem agravar está condição nesta população. Neste sentido, os objetivosdo presente estudo foram descrever as características dos idosos de acordo com a massa muscular reduzida e verificar asua associação com o comportamento sedentário. Estudo transversal, realizado em 24 municípios da SuperintendênciaRegional de Saúde de Uberaba/Minas Gerais. Seguindo os critérios de inclusão, os idosos (≥ 60 anos), de ambosos sexos, responderam um questionário estruturado em forma de entrevista com informações sociodemográficas,saúde, hábitos e mensuração de variáveis antropométricas. O tempo sentado foi avaliado conforme as perguntas doIPAQ. Utilizou-se a estatística qui-quadrado para verificar as diferenças encontradas entre as prevalências da massamuscular reduzida e as variáveis sociodemográficas, saúde e hábitos. A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para analisara associação entre a massa muscular reduzida e a exposição ao comportamento sedentário. Foram analisados 3.223idosos, com média de idade de 70 anos (DP=7,26). Do total de idosos, 20,9% (n=674) apresentaram massa muscularreduzida, sendo estatisticamente diferente de acordo com faixa etária, escolaridade, situação conjugal, renda familiarmensal, circunferência da cintura, índice de massa corporal, tabagismo e comportamento sedentário. De acordo comanálise ajustada, idosos que ficam na posição sentada por ≥ 330 minutos/dia apresentaram maior probabilidade demassa muscular reduzida (RP=1,18; IC 95%: 1,04–1,34). O tempo sentado por período prolongado associou-se com amassa muscular reduzida em idosos(AU)

The loss of muscle mass in older adults is negatively associated with health, which makes it necessary to identifymodifiable behavioral habits that may aggravate this condition in this population. In this context, the objectives of thepresent study were to describe the characteristics of older adults according to reduced muscle mass status and verifyits association with sedentary behavior. This was a cross-sectional population-based study, conducted in 24 cities in theRegional Healthcare Administration of Uberaba/Minas Gerais. Older adults (≥ 60 years) from both sexes meeting theinclusion criteria answered a structured questionnaire on sociodemographic, health, and habits information. Participantsalso underwent measurement of anthropometric variables. Sitting time was measured using the validated questions fromthe IPAQ. The chi-square statistic was used to examine differences between the prevalence of reduced muscle massand sociodemographic variables, health and habits. Poisson regression was used to analyze the association betweenreduced muscle mass and exposure to sedentary behavior. Results: 3.223 older adults with mean age of 70 years (SD =7.26) took part in the study. Of these total, 20.9% (n = 674) presented reduced muscle mass, being statistically differentaccording to age, schooling, marital status, monthly family income, waist circumference, body mass index, smoking andsedentary behavior. According to the adjusted analysis, older adults who spent ≥ 330 minutes/day sitting demonstratedhigher likelihood for reduced muscle mass (PR = 1.18; CI95%: 1.04-1.34). Prolonged sitting time is associated withreduced muscle mass in older adults(AU)

Comportamento sedentário e massa muscular reduzida em idosos: um estudo de base populacional / Sedentary behavior and reduced muscle mass in older adults: a population-based study

A perda da massa muscular em idosos está associada negativamente à saúde, tornando-se necessário a identificação de hábitos comportamentais modificáveis que podem agravar está condição nesta população. Neste sentido, os objetivos do presente estudo foram descrever as características dos idosos de acordo com a massa muscular reduzida e verificar a sua associação com o comportamento sedentário. Estudo transversal, realizado em 24 municípios da Superintendência Regional de Saúde de Uberaba/Minas Gerais. Seguindo os critérios de inclusão, os idosos (≥ 60 anos), de ambos os sexos, responderam um questionário estruturado em forma de entrevista com informações sociodemográficas,saúde, hábitos e mensuração de variáveis antropométricas. O tempo sentado foi avaliado conforme as perguntas do IPAQ. Utilizou-se a estatística qui-quadrado para verificar as diferenças encontradas entre as prevalências da massa muscular reduzida e as variáveis sociodemográficas, saúde e hábitos. A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para analisara associação entre a massa muscular reduzida e a exposição ao comportamento sedentário. Foram analisados 3.223idosos, com média de idade de 70 anos (DP=7,26). Do total de idosos, 20,9% (n=674) apresentaram massa muscular reduzida, sendo estatisticamente diferente de acordo com faixa etária, escolaridade, situação conjugal, renda familiar mensal, circunferência da cintura, índice de massa corporal, tabagismo e comportamento sedentário. De acordo com análise ajustada, idosos que ficam na posição sentada por ≥ 330 minutos/dia apresentaram maior probabilidade de massa muscular reduzida (RP=1,18; IC 95%: 1,04­1,34). O tempo sentado por período prolongado associou-se com amassa muscular reduzida em idosos

The loss of muscle mass in older adults is negatively associated with health, which makes it necessary to identify modifiable behavioral habits that may aggravate this condition in this population. In this context, the objectives of thepresent study were to describe the characteristics of older adults according to reduced muscle mass status and verifyits association with sedentary behavior. This was a cross-sectional population-based study, conducted in 24 cities in theRegional Healthcare Administration of Uberaba/Minas Gerais. Older adults (≥ 60 years) from both sexes meeting theinclusion criteria answered a structured questionnaire on sociodemographic, health, and habits information. Participants also underwent measurement of anthropometric variables. Sitting time was measured using the validated questions fromthe IPAQ. The chi-square statistic was used to examine differences between the prevalence of reduced muscle massand sociodemographic variables, health and habits. Poisson regression was used to analyze the association betweenreduced muscle mass and exposure to sedentary behavior. Results: 3.223 older adults with mean age of 70 years (SD =7.26) took part in the study. Of these total, 20.9% (n = 674) presented reduced muscle mass, being statistically differentaccording to age, schooling, marital status, monthly family income, waist circumference, body mass index, smoking and sedentary behavior. According to the adjusted analysis, older adults who spent ≥ 330 minutes/day sitting demonstratedhigher likelihood for reduced muscle mass (PR = 1.18; CI95%: 1.04-1.34). Prolonged sitting time is associated withreduced muscle mass in older adults

SCHOOL PHYSICAL EDUCATION: THE PRESENCE OF ACTION RESEARCH / EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA ESCOLAR: LA PRESENCIA DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN-ACCIÓN / EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR: A PRESENÇA DA PESQUISA-AÇÃO

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar os estudos de vanguarda que utilizam a investigação da ação de metodologia em educação física. Recopilação procurou as investigações publicadas em bancos de dados, Biblioteca Virtual em saúde, LILACS, SciELO e Portal Periódicos CAPES, dos descriptors: action research, Educação física e educação física escolar.. Baseado na análise de conteúdo de Moraes (1999), 16 artigos foram selecionados e divididos em três categorias: 1) Contido de lições; 2) Planejamento e pedagógica prática e 3) Formação. Os resultados mostraram que o uso da investigação-ação pode ser considerado como uma importante dimensão educativa para o desenvolvimento da educação física.

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo presentar el estado del arte de estudios que utilizaran la metodología investigación-acción en la educación física escolar. La recopilación de datos buscó investigaciones publicadas en las bases de datos: Biblioteca Virtual en salud, LILACS, SciELO y portal de periódicos CAPES, a partir de los descriptores: investigación-acción, educación física y educación física escolar. Con base en el Análisis de Contenidos de Moraes (1999), 16 artículos fueron seleccionados y distribuidos en tres categorías: 1) Contenidos de las lecciones; 2) Planificación y práctica pedagógica; y 3) Formación profesional. Los resultados mostraron que el uso de la investigación-acción puede ser considerada como una dimensión educativa significativa para el desarrollo de la educación física escolar.

This report aims to present the state of art of studies that use action research methodology in Physical Education. The research looked for investigations published in the databases: Virtual Health Library; LILACS; SciELO; Journal Portal CAPES, through the descriptors: action research, physical education and physical education at school. Based on Content Analysis of Moraes (1999), 16 articles were selected and divided in three categories: 1) Lesson content; 2) Planning and teaching practice and 3) Vocational training. The results showed that the use of action research can be considered as a significant educative dimension for the development in Physical Education.

Association between time spent sitting and diabetes mellitus in older adults: a population-based study / Associação entre tempo sentado e diabetes mellitus em idosos: um estudo de base populacional

Abstract By the middle of the last century, changes in the Brazilian economy and society triggered a rapid demographic transition characterized by an increased number of older adults in the population. Thus, Brazil has witnessed population aging, which was accompanied by an increased incidence of non-communicable chronic diseases. Some risk factors for the development of the chronic non-communicable diseases have been well established, such as overweight, tobacco and alcohol consumption, inadequate nutrition, and physical inactivity. Additionally, sedentary behavior has been related to significant deleterious effects on health, such as diabetes mellitus type 2, obesity and mortality. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between sitting time and diabetes mellitus in older adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 24 municipalities in the Regional Health Superintendence of Uberaba, MG. Selected subjects answered a structured questionnaire and underwent anthropometric assessment. A total of 3,265 elderly subjects, with a median time spent sitting of 240.00 (P25th=137.14 and P75th=330.00) minutes/day and a 20.0% prevalence of diabetes mellitus were detected. Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that a sitting time of more than 330.00 minutes/day was positively associated with diabetes mellitus (OR=1.351, 95%CI: 1.057-1.729). It was concluded that older adults who daily sit for long periods of time have higher chances of having diabetes compared to those who sit for less time.

Resumo Em meados do século passado, transformações na economia e sociedade brasileira somaram-se para desencadear uma rápida transição demográfica, que se caracterizou pelo aumento de idosos. Assim, presenciou-se um envelhecimento populacional, que foi acompanhado pelo aumento da incidência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Alguns fatores de risco estão bem estabelecidos para o desenvolvimento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, como excesso de peso, consumo de tabaco e álcool, alimentação inadequada e inatividade física. Adicionalmente, o comportamento sedentário mostrou-se relacionado a importantes efeitos deletérios à saúde, como, por exemplo, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, obesidade e mortalidade.O estudo teve como objetivo investigar a associação entre tempo sentado e diabetes mellitus em idosos. Estudo transversal, realizado em 24 municípios integrantes da Superintendência Regional de Saúde de Uberaba, MG. Os indivíduos selecionados responderam um questionário estruturado e foram submetidos à avaliação antropométrica. Foram analisados 3.265 idosos. A prevalência de diabetes mellitus foi de 20,0% e a mediana de tempo sentado de 240,00 (P25º=137,14 e P75º=330,00) minutos/dia. A análise de regressão logística ajustada demonstrou que o tempo sentado superior a 330,00 minutos/dia associou-se positivamente com a diabetes mellitus (OR=1,329; IC95%: 1,040-1,700). Pode-se concluir que os idosos que ficam sentados por longos períodos diariamente apresentam maior chance de ter diabetes mellitus quando comparados com aqueles que ficam sentados por menor tempo.

Socio-demographic, clinical and health behavior correlates of sitting time in older adults.

BACKGROUND: Identifying correlates of sedentary behavior in older adults is of major importance to healthcare. To our knowledge, there are no population studies in Latin America examining which factors are associated to high sitting time in older adults. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify socio-demographic, clinical, and health behavior correlates of sitting time in a representative sample of older adults living in Southeastern Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in twenty-four municipalities of the Triangulo Mineiro region in the State of Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. A structured questionnaire was applied to obtain information on socio-demographic, clinical, and health behavior factors. Overall sitting time was assessed using a self-report instrument. A Multiple Correspondence Analysis was used to verify the association of sitting time with socio-demographic, clinical, and health behavior factors. RESULTS: 3,296 older adults (61.5% women and 38.5% men) were included in the analysis. The overall median was 240.0 minutes of sitting time/day. The Multiple Correspondence Analysis showed that the group with the highest sitting time presented the following characteristics: women, age greater than 70 years, unschooled status, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, use of medication, poor self-rated health, dependence in basic activities of daily living, and absence of regular physical activity. CONCLUSION: This study reveals that socio-demographic, clinical, and health behavior factors are associated with high sitting time in older adults from Southeastern Brazil. The results may help to identify older adults that should be targeted in interventions aiming at reducing sitting time.

Sitting Time and Quality of Life in Older Adults: A Population-Based Study.

BACKGROUND: Quality of life is influenced by several factors and one aspect that has been negatively associated with health is sedentary behavior. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between sitting time and quality of life in older adults. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with individuals ≥ 60 years old residing in 24 Brazilian municipalities. Total sitting time was evaluated according to self-report of sitting time on a regular weekday and usual weekend day. The quality of life was evaluated by the WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD instruments. RESULTS: 3206 older adults were analyzed. In the univariate logistic regression analysis, all domain and facets of quality of life were associated to the longest sitting time; however, in the multivariate analysis, only the physical domain and the social participation facet remained significant in the model. After adjustment for sex, age group, education and regular practice of physical activity, longest sitting time remained associated with the lowest score for the physical domain (OR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.39-2.34) and social participation facet (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.10-1.84). CONCLUSION: In this study, older adults who sat the most presented the worst scores in the physical domain and social participation facet of quality of life.

Análise de grupos de pesquisa em atividade física e envelhecimento no Brasil / Analyses of research groups in physical activity and aging in Brazil

Atividade física regular tem sido recomendada pelos estudiosos da área do envelhecimento devido aos seus benefícios à saúde.O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar e caracterizar os Grupos de Pesquisa em Atividade Física e Envelhecimento no Brasil, de acordo com a distribuição geográfica. Realizou-se busca sistemática no Diretório de Grupos de Pesquisa do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico sobre a temática: Atividade Física e Envelhecimento. Os Grupos de Pesquisa em Atividade Física e Envelhecimento certificados estão distribuídos entre as regiões Sudeste (n=8), Sul (n=6) e Nordeste (n=4). Artigos publicados em periódicos representam 69,7% (n=639) da produção científica da região Sudeste, 65,0% (n=39) da região Sul e 64,9% (n=126) da região Nordeste. Observou-se um gradativo aumento no número de Grupos de Pesquisa em Atividade Física e Envelhecimento no Brasil, porém estes grupos ainda não estão distribuídos por todo país.

Regular physical activity has been recommended by experts in the field of aging because of its health benefits. The aim of this study was to analyze and characterize the research groups in physical activity and aging in Brazil, according to geographical distribution. A systematic search was conducted in the directory of research groups of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development about the issue: “physical activity and aging”. The research groups in physical activity and aging in Brazil certificates are distributed in three regions of Brazil: Southeast (n = 8), South (n = 6) and Northeast (n = 4). Articles published in journals represent 69.7% (n = 639) of the scientific production of the Southeast region, 65.0% (n = 39) of the South region and 64.9% (n = 126) of the Northeast region. There was a gradual increase in the number of research groups in physical activity and aging in Brazil, but these groups are not distributed throughout the country.

Relationship of musculoskeletal pain with physical and functional variables and with postural changes in school children from 6 to 12 years of age.

BACKGROUND: Painful disorders can affect children and adolescents, causing distress and significant demand for health services. OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and its relation to age, sex, body mass index (BMI), how to carry school supplies, postures used in ADLs, outside school physical exercises and postural changes in students. METHOD: Cross-sectional exploratory study with a convenience sample consisted of 262 schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years (137 female). Data collection was conducted by questionnaire containing personal data, presence and location of pain, means of transportation and illustrative figures for choosing the way of carrying school supplies and postures ADL's. Postural evaluation was performed by observational analysis and body mass index calculated from information on height, weight, age and sex. Descriptive analysis was carried out with numbers and percentages. For inferential statistics, comparison of average age according to the presence of pain was performed by Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's post-test. Categorical variables were compared with chi-square test. RESULTS: The presence of musculoskeletal pain was reported by 51.1% of the students and 38.93% had pain in only one region. The most affected regions were legs, spine, arms and shoulders. The pain increased with age and with physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: In the our sample, 51.1% of students reported pain and 38.93% reported pain in only one region. There was no association between the presence of pain and sex, BMI, how to carry school supplies, postures used in ADLs and postural changes. The increasing age and physical exercise influenced significantly the presence of pain.

Força de membros inferiores como indicador de incapacidade funcional em idosos / Lower limb strength as an indicator of functional disability in older individuals / Fuerza de las extremidades inferiores como un indicador de la incapacidad funcional en an

O propósito deste estudo foi discriminar a quantidade de repetições no teste sentar e levantar da cadeira na estimativa da incapacidade funcional. Estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal com amostra probabilística de 622 indivíduos, idade > 60 anos. A capacidade funcional autopercebida foi analisada como variável dicotômica: ausência de dependência versus dependência na realização de atividade básicas (ABVD) e instrumentais da vida diária (AIVD). Aplicou-se o teste sentar e levantar da cadeira durante 30 segundos (número de repetições máximas) para avaliar a força de membros inferiores. O teste mostrou-se como discriminador da incapacidade funcional devido os valores apresentados pelas áreas sob as curvas ROC serem >0,60. O ponto de corte para determinar a incapacidade funcional nas ABVD foi < 10 repetições (homens) e < 9 repetições (mulheres); nas AIVD < 14 repetições (homens) e < 10 repetições (mulheres). A força de membros inferiores pode ser utilizada como preditor da incapacidade funcional nas ABVD e AIVD.

The purpose of this study was to identify the number of repetitions of the sitting-rising test from a chair necessary to estimate a functional disability in older individuals. An epidemiological cross-sectional study was conducted with a random sample of 622 individuals, aged > 60 years. The functional capacity was investigated as a dichotomous variable: absence of dependency versus dependency for performing basic activities (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). We employed the sitting-rising test from a chair for 30 seconds (maximum repetitions) to assess the strength of the lower limbs. The test proved to be a good discriminator of functional disability due to the values >0.60 which were identified in the areas under the ROC curves. The cutoff point for determining disability in the BADL was: < 10 repetitions (men) and < 9 repetitions (women); in the IADL: < 14 repetitions (men) and < 10 repetitions (women). The strength of the lower limbs can be used as a predictor of functional disability in BADL and IADL.

El propósito de este estudio fue discriminar la cantidad de repeticiones en la prueba de sentarse y levantarse de la silla en la estimación de la discapacidad funcional. Estudio epidemiológico transversal con una muestra aleatoria de 622 individuos con edad > 60 años. La capacidad funcional autopercibida se analizó como una variable dicotómica: la falta de dependencia frente a la dependencia para realizar las actividades básicas (ABVD) y actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria (AIVD). Se aplicó la prueba de sentarse y levantarse de una silla durante 30 segundos (repeticiones máximas) para evaluar la fuerza de los miembros inferiores. La prueba resultó ser discriminatorio por discapacidad las cifras correspondientes a las áreas bajo las curvas ROC fueron > 0,60. El punto de corte para determinar la discapacidad en las ABVD fue < 10 repeticiones (hombres) y < 9 repeticiones (mujeres), el AIVD < 14 repeticiones (hombres) y < 10 repeticiones (mujeres). La fuerza de los miembros inferiores puede ser utilizada como un indicador de la incapacidad funcional en ABVD y AIVD.

Relationship of musculoskeletal pain with physical and functional variables and with postural changes in school children from 6 to 12 years of age / Relacao da dor musculoesqueletica com variaveis fisicas, funcionais e alteracoes posturais em escolares de seis a 12 anos

BACKGROUND: Painful disorders can affect children and adolescents, causing distress and significant demand for health services. OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and its relation to age, sex, body mass index (BMI), how to carry school supplies, postures used in ADLs, outside school physical exercises and postural changes in students. METHOD: Cross-sectional exploratory study with a convenience sample consisted of 262 schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years (137 female). Data collection was conducted by questionnaire containing personal data, presence and location of pain, means of transportation and illustrative figures for choosing the way of carrying school supplies and postures ADL's. Postural evaluation was performed by observational analysis and body mass index calculated from information on height, weight, age and sex. Descriptive analysis was carried out with numbers and percentages. For inferential statistics, comparison of average age according to the presence of pain was performed by Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's post-test. Categorical variables were compared with chi-square test. RESULTS: The presence of musculoskeletal pain was reported by 51.1% of the students and 38.93% had pain in only one region. The most affected regions were legs, spine, arms and shoulders. The pain increased with age and with physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: In the our sample, 51.1% of students reported pain and 38.93% reported pain in only one region. There was no association between the presence of pain and sex, BMI, how to carry school supplies, postures used in ADLs and postural changes. The increasing age and physical exercise influenced significantly the presence of pain. .

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: Afecções dolorosas podem acometer a criança e o adolescente, gerando sofrimento e importante demanda aos serviços de saúde. OBJETIVO: Identificar a prevalência de dor musculoesquelética e sua relação com idade, sexo, Índice de massa corporal (IMC), forma de carregar o material escolar, posturas utilizadas nas atividades da vida diária (AVDs), realização de exercícios físicos orientados fora do ambiente escolar e alterações posturais. MÉTODO: Pesquisa de campo com delineamento transversal e caráter exploratório, com amostra de conveniência de 262 escolares de seis a 12 anos (137 mulheres), realizada com questionário contendo dados pessoais, presença e localização de dor, meio de locomoção, forma de carregar material escolar e posturas adotadas nas AVDs. A avaliação postural ocorreu por análise observacional. Na análise descritiva, usou-se números brutos e porcentagens. Na estatística inferencial, a comparação da idade segundo a presença de dor foi realizada pelo Teste de Kruskal-Wallis com pós-teste de Dunn. As variáveis categóricas foram comparadas pelo teste de qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: A presença de dor musculoesquelética foi relatada por 51,1% dos escolares e 38,93% apresentaram dor em uma região. As regiões mais acometidas foram pernas, coluna, braços e ombros. Verificou-se que a dor aumentou com a idade e com a prática de atividade física. CONCLUSÕES: Na amostra, 51,1% dos estudantes relataram dor, sendo que 38,93% reportaram dor em somente uma região. Não houve associação entre presença de dor e sexo, IMC, forma de carregar o material escolar, posturas ...

[Food groups for the investigation of risk of type 2 diabetes and associated diseases]. / Grupos de alimentos para investigação de risco para diabetes tipo 2 e doenças associadas.

INTRODUCTION: The food groups conventionally applied in activities of nutritional counseling were established according to their macronutrient content. However, it does not consider recent scientific evidences of the association between food consumption and risk of developing non-communicable chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE: To propose food groups for the investigation of the association between food consumption and risk of developing type 2 diabetes and associated diseases among Japanese-Brazilians. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of a lifestyle intervention study conducted among Japanese-Brazilians of Bauru, SP, Brazil, from 2005 to 2007. Food intake was assessed by three 24-hour recalls of 640 participants, both genders, aged 30 to 88 years old. RESULTS: Eighteen new food groups were proposed according to their quantity and quality of fat, carbohydrates, sodium, and fiber. CONCLUSION: The new food groups incorporate recent evidences of the association between diet and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Grupos de alimentos para investigação de risco para diabetes tipo 2 e doenças associadas / Food Groups for the investigation of risk of type 2 diabetes and associated diseases

INTRODUÇÃO: Os grupos de alimentos convencionalmente empregados em atividades de orientação nutricional foram estabelecidos de acordo com o seu teor de macronutrientes. Entretanto, não contemplam as evidências científicas recentes da associação entre consumo alimentar e risco de desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. OBJETIVO: Elaborar uma proposta de agrupamento de alimentos para a investigação da associação entre consumo alimentar e risco de desenvolvimento de diabetes tipo 2 e doenças associadas, em Nipo-Brasileiros. MÉTODOS: Análise transversal dos dados da linha de base de um estudo de intervenção no estilo de vida conduzido entre Nipo-Brasileiros de Bauru, SP, entre 2005 e 2007. A avaliação do consumo alimentar deu-se por meio da análise de três inquéritos recordatórios de 24 horas em 640 indivíduos, ambos os sexos, idade entre 30 e 88 anos. RESULTADOS: Foram propostos 18 novos grupos de alimentos considerando-se o teor e qualidade das gorduras e carboidratos, sódio e fibras CONCLUSÃO: Os novos grupos de alimentos incorporam evidências recentes da associação entre dieta e desenvolvimento de diabetes tipo 2.

INTRODUCTION: The food groups conventionally applied in activities of nutritional counseling were established according to their macronutrient content. However, it does not consider recent scientific evidences of the association between food consumption and risk of developing non-communicable chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE: To propose food groups for the investigation of the association between food consumption and risk of developing type 2 diabetes and associated diseases among Japanese-Brazilians. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of a lifestyle intervention study conducted among Japanese-Brazilians of Bauru, SP, Brazil, from 2005 to 2007. Food intake was assessed by three 24-hour recalls of 640 participants, both genders, aged 30 to 88 years old. RESULTS: Eighteen new food groups were proposed according to their quantity and quality of fat, carbohydrates, sodium, and fiber. CONCLUSION: The new food groups incorporate recent evidences of the association between diet and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

[Impact of a lifestyle intervention program on metabolic, anthropometrical and dietary profile of Japanese-Brazilians with and without metabolic syndrome]. / Impacto de um programa de intervenção sobre o estilo de vida nos perfis metabólico, antropométrico e dietético em nipo-brasileiros com e sem síndrome metabólica.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the changes in biochemical and nutritional profiles of Japanese-Brazilians with and without metabolic syndrome after two years of participation in the intervention program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a non-controlled experimental study. The biochemical and clinical assessments were conducted at baseline (2005), after a year (2006) and after two years (2007) of intervention. On the present study, data of 360 individuals, who participated on the three assessments were considered. RESULTS: Both groups presented improvements on the anthropometric and metabolic profile, after two years of intervention. It was observed reduction in the intake of total fat, saturated fat, and dietary cholesterol, and increased intake of fiber among men without metabolic syndrome. It was observed reduction in the intake of total fat (p = 0,003) and monounsaturated fatty acid (p = 0,002). CONCLUSION: The results showed a positive impact of the lifestyle intervention program in metabolic and nutritional profile of Japanese-Brazilians with and without metabolic syndrome.

Impacto de um programa de intervenção sobre o estilo de vida nos perfis metabólico, antropométrico e dietético em nipo-brasileiros com e sem síndrome metabólica / Impact of a lifestyle intervention program on metabolic, anthropometrical and dietary profile of Japanese-Brazilians with and without metabolic syndrome

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as mudanças nos perfis metabólico e nutricional de nipo-brasileiros com e sem síndrome metabólica, após dois anos de participação em programa de intervenção. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo experimental não controlado. A pesquisa incluiu três momentos de avaliação clínico-laboratorial: basal (2005), após o primeiro ano de intervenção (2006) e ao final do segundo ano (2007). Na presente análise, utilizaram-se informações de 360 indivíduos examinados nos três momentos. RESULTADOS: Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhora no perfil metabólico e antropométrico, após o segundo ano de intervenção. Observaram-se diminuição na ingestão de gorduras totais, ácidos graxos saturados, colesterol e aumento de fibras totais nos homens sem síndrome metabólica. No sexo feminino sem síndrome metabólica, observou-se redução de gordura total (p = 0,003) e ácido graxo monoinsaturado (p = 0,002). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados encontrados mostraram impacto positivo do programa de intervenção nos perfis metabólico e nutricional dos nipo-brasileiros com e sem síndrome metabólica.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the changes in biochemical and nutritional profiles of Japanese-Brazilians with and without metabolic syndrome after two years of participation in the intervention program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a non-controlled experimental study. The biochemical and clinical assessments were conducted at baseline (2005), after a year (2006) and after two years (2007) of intervention. On the present study, data of 360 individuals, who participated on the three assessments were considered. RESULTS: Both groups presented improvements on the anthropometric and metabolic profile, after two years of intervention. It was observed reduction in the intake of total fat, saturated fat, and dietary cholesterol, and increased intake of fiber among men without metabolic syndrome. It was observed reduction in the intake of total fat (p = 0,003) and monounsaturated fatty acid (p = 0,002). CONCLUSION: The results showed a positive impact of the lifestyle intervention program in metabolic and nutritional profile of Japanese-Brazilians with and without metabolic syndrome.

Nutritional intervention programme among a Japanese-Brazilian community: procedures and results according to gender.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the results of a nutritional intervention programme among Japanese-Brazilians according to gender. DESIGN: A non-controlled experimental study. SETTING: The research included three points of clinical, nutritional and physical activity evaluation: at baseline (in 2005), after the first year and at the end of the second year (in 2007). The paired Student t test and multiple linear regression analysis were used to evaluate changes in the subjects' profile (clinical, nutritional and physical activity variables). SUBJECTS: Japanese-Brazilians (n 575) of both genders, aged over 30 years. RESULTS: We verified statistically significant reductions in body weight (0.9 kg), waist circumference (2.9 cm), blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (>3 mg/dl) and total cholesterol (>20 mg/dl) and its fractions, in both genders. We also found reductions in intake of energy (among men), protein (among women) and fat (both genders) and increases in intake of total fibre (among women) and carbohydrate (among men). CONCLUSIONS: The intervention programme indicated meaningful benefits for the intervention subjects, with changes in their habits that led to a 'healthier' lifestyle positively impacting their nutritional and metabolic profile.